References:  

1 - brighamrad.harvard.edu, Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Sandra L Mondro, MD ; Marla Polger, MD  

2 - mayoclinic.com, bladder cancer – risk factors  

3 - medespace.com, Cancers : évaluation, traitement et surveillance. JM Andrieu & P Colonna Ed. ESTEM, Paris 1997. 

4 - urologychannel.com, Bladder Cancer: Prognosis, Prevention 

5- http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html